Aim: This study assessed the Orthodontic treatment needs of Iranian and Arab university students using the Index of Orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 Arab and 100 Iranian patients presenting to Ajman University dental clinic in 2023. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling and were 19‒25 years of age. The dental health component (DHC) and esthetic component (AC) of the IOTN were used to assess their malocclusion and the need for Orthodontic treatment. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: According to the DHC, 60% of Arab and 64% of Iranian patients had malocclusion with moderate to extreme need for treatment. Of the Iranian population, 12% were Grade I (no need), 24% were Grade 2 (little or mild need), 28% were Grade 3 (moderate need), 20% were Grade 4 (severe need), and 16% were Grade 5 (extreme need). These values were 17%, 23%, 32%, 20%, and 8%, respectively, for the Arab population. According to the AC, 59% of Iranians and 56% of Arabs required little or no treatment, while 27% of Iranians and 31% of Arabs had moderate need, and 14% of Iranians and 13% of Arabs had severe need for treatment. The difference between the two populations was insignificant in the DHC (P=0.431) or AC (P=0.681) grading. Conclusion: The two groups with different ethnic backgrounds exhibited no significant difference regarding Orthodontic treatment needs.

Background: The influence of Orthodontic treatment on self-confidence and quality of life is a major reason for patients to seek treatment. This study was designed to assess the relationship between Orthodontic treatment need and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in patients seeking Orthodontic treatment. Methods: This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 165 patients referred to Orthodontic clinics in Kerman to start treatment. Patients were selected by census method to reach the specified sample size. The data collection tools included 3 forms: demographic information form, Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and a form for recording information obtained from clinical examination to determine Orthodontic treatment need based on Index of Orthodontic treatment need (IOTN). Data analysis was performed through SPSS 22 and using t test, ANOVA, and linear regression at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: The educational level of subjects and their parents and economic status showed no significant relationship with total PIDAQ score and any of its domains (P > 0. 05). In psychological impact domain, women’, s score was significantly higher (P = 0. 016) and there was a significant relationship between the treatment need based on aesthetic component (AC) and the domains of dental self-confidence (P = 0. 003), social impact (P = 0. 049) and psychological impact (P = 0. 066), as well as the total score of questionnaire (P = 0. 012). treatment need based on dental health component had no statistically significant relationship with PIDAQ score (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: AC of IOTN had significant relationship with dental self-confidence, social impact and psychological impact as well as the total score of PIDAQ. In Orthodontic treatments, in addition to malocclusion, the psychological aspects should also be considered.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association between malocclusion, self-perception, self-esteem, and sociodemographic factors among primary schoolchildren in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that involved children aged 10-12 years from primary schools in Dar es Salaam. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants’,socio-demographics, self-perception and self-esteem. Clinical examination was done to determine their occlusal statuses. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22. 0), and Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used to assess statistically significant differences between variables. P<0. 05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 620 schoolchildren participated in this study. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was 66. 5%. Undesirable self-perception was reported in 34. 0% and self-esteem issues in 30. 0% of the schoolchildren. Significantly, many participants with less educated fathers had malocclusion compared with their counterparts (p=0. 002). Furthermore, most children with malocclusion perceived themselves negatively and reported lower self-esteem compared with those who had no malocclusion (78. 7% vs. 21. 3%, p=0. 000 and 75. 8% vs. 24. 2%, p=0. 001, respectively). In the logistic regression model, the presence of malocclusion remained as a significant determinant of schoolchildren perceiving themselves negatively and reporting lower self-esteem (OR: 2. 4, CI: 1. 62-3. 54, p= 0. 000 and OR: 1. 82, CI: 1. 23-2. 7, p= 0. 003, respectively). Conclusion: Conclusion: The presence of malocclusion was associated with children's negative self-perception and lower self-esteem. Malocclusion prevention and early interventions in children are highly recommended.

Background and purpose: Malocclusion is the most prevalent dental anomaly that influences the function of affected people. As a common Orthodontic index, the Index of Orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN) classifies the malocclusions according to occlusal indexes of an individual. This research aimed at evaluating the need for Orthodontic treatment in students aged 12-14 years old in Sari using IOTN Index in academic year 2016-2017. Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the IOTN was used for 576 students in six different schools. The IOTN index includes two components which are closely related; in current study, only the dental health component (DHC) was assessed. Data analysis was done in SPSS V21 applying Chi-square. Results: A total of 576 students was studied of whom most (29. 2%) were in grade 2, which showed little need for treatment (30% males and 28% females). Only 2. 8% were graded as 5 on the IOTN scale meaning serious need for Orthodontic treatment. Male and female students were homogeneous in grading distribution and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P< 0. 75). The frequency of need for Orthodontic treatment was 25. 35%. Conclusion: In this study, most of the individuals showed little need of Orthodontic treatment and there was no significant difference between the two groups in grading distribution.

Statement of the Problem: Effective and informed planning for Orthodontic services in any population requires assessment of the Orthodontic treatment need and complexity. Purpose: The present cross-sectional study was conducted to assess these parameters using index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) in an Iranian schoolchildren population. Materials and Method: In total, 600 randomly selected individuals (300 girls, 300 boys; aged 13-15 years) participated in this study. The treatment need (ICON score>43) and the grades of complexity were compared between two genders and in different age groups. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied for data analysis considering p< 0. 05. Results: Out of 45% of the population found in need for Orthodontic treatment, there was no significant difference between the two genders, but the 15-year-old individuals needed treatment significantly more than the individuals with 13 and 14 years of age. The mean ICON score was 44. 3± 20. 28, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. The majority of the cases (34%) were categorized in the easy compartment in terms of complexity and 18% had difficult or very difficult grades of complexity. The genders and age groups exhibited no significant difference in terms of the complexity grade. Conclusion: Although half of the studied cases needed treatment, nearly one-fifth had difficult or very difficult complexity grade, which indicates the need for specialist care.

Objective: Oral health status particularly maxillofacial disorders in adolescents can affect different aspects of the quality of life. This study aimed to assess the age-related quality of life of students in two age groups of 11-14 years and 14-18 years to evaluate its correlation with Orthodontic treatment need in adolescents in Isfahan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 11-18 year-old middle school and highschool students. Subjects were selected via two-stage stratified random sampling from 30 schools in different areas of Isfahan city. After examination by two calibrated clinicians, Dental Health Component of Index of Orthodontic treatment need (DHC-IOTN) was recorded for all subjects.The Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) was assessed using self-reported Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) in 11-14 year-olds and Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) in 14-18 year-olds. After descriptive analyses, the correlation between the DHC-IOTN and the quality of life score of subjects was assessed using the Spearman’s correlation test and the Mann Whitney U test.Results: A total of 1, 227 students were evaluated. The mean and standard deviation (SD) was found to be 18.3 (13.7) for CPQ score in 11-14 year olds. For COHIP score it was found to be 103.6 (18) in 14-18 year olds. A total of 22% from the 604 students examined in the first group, and 17% of 570 students in the second group definitely needed Orthodontic treatment. Significant differences existed in the mean quality of life score among the three groups requiring Orthodontic treatment in the two age groups (p<0.05). The correlation between the malocclusion severity and quality of life subscales was weak.Conclusion: Based on the results, malocclusion significantly affects the dental function and social and emotional domains of quality of life. However, considering the role of confounders, studies with condition-specific formats of the questionnaire are required to assess the correlation of malocclusions with the quality of life after controlling for other factors.

Objectives: The objective of this research was to compare the Orthodontic treatment need and demand using Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and Occlusal Index (OI) among dentistry students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 113 dental students in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The demand for Orthodontic treatment was assessed using a standardized questionnaire and 10 photographs of aesthetic component (AC) of IOTN for the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness. Occlusal Index (OI) and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), which were calculated by clinical examination and dental model analysis, were used to assess the Orthodontic treatment need. Students with a history of Orthodontic treatment were excluded. Results: Final analysis was done on 113 cases (48 men and 65 women). The study showed that there was a signifi cant relationship between the demand for Orthodontic treatment and the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness (according to the photograph they had chosen) (P = 0. 015). There is also a signifi cant relationship between the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness (according to the photographs) and the Orthodontic treatment need based on DAI (P = 0. 008). Furthermore, a signifi cant connection was found between the self-assessment of subjects about their dental attractiveness (according to the photographs) and the Orthodontic treatment need based on OI (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: The results of our study revealed that both indices show that the need for Orthodontic treatment is in line with the demand, which could be used for planning public Orthodontic and dental services.

Background: To evaluate Orthodontic treatment need (OTN) in a juvenile populace, utilizing the Index of Orthodontic treatment need (IOTN), including sexual orientation contrasts evaluation. Methods: The example involved 2250 young people, 13. 1-17. 4 years of age (mean age, 14 years and 6 months). The examinations were done on the study models and all encompassing radiographs taken from every subject. The dental health (DHC) and aesthetic (AC) segments of the IOTN were applied as an evaluation measure of the requirement for Orthodontic treatment. The agreement (kappa measurements) was ascertained to examine the understanding between the DHC and the AC of the IOTN. Results: Utilizing the DHC of the IOTN, the extent of subjects assessed to have an incredible or extremely extraordinary treatment need was 28. 7%, and 16. 7% were in need (grades 8-10) as indicated by the AC (IOTN). No sexual orientation contrasts were noted, with the exception of no need class of the IOTN (more successive in young men) as per the DHC (chi-square: 6. 83, df: 1, P = 0. 01). There was a moderate agreement between the DHC and the AC of the IOTN (kappa = 0. 49, 95% CI, 0. 47-0. 63). Conclusions: Using the IOTN, approximately a third of theadolescent school children werebeing found to be qualified for treatment in open programs.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess Orthodontic treatment needs of 14-18 year-old female students of Isfahan public schools in 2009-2010 based on Index of Orthodontic treatment need (IOTN).Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 370 14-18 year-old female students were selected by random clustering method. The subjects were examined clinically based on two components of IOTN: Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC). Data was analyzed with descriptive statistical methods, including Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α=0.05).Results: Regarding DHC, 10.8% of samples showed grade 5, 13.5% showed grade 4, 23.8% had grade 3, and 51.8% demonstrated grades 1 and 2. In those showing grade 5, the most common malocclusion was unerupted (i) teeth. The most common malocclusion in grade 4 was contact displasments (d) for more than 4 mm and in grade 3, contact displasment was less than 4 mm and more than 2 mm. The most common malocclusion in grade 2 was contact displasment (d) less than 2 and more than 1 mm. In addition, regarding AC, 98.8% of the subjects were classified as “no need”, 1% as “borderline need” and 0.0% as “definite need” for treatment. No statistically significant differences were noted between AC and DHC (p value=0.294).Conclusion: It was concluded that 24.3% of 14-18 year-old female students in Isfahan need Orthodontic treatment (IOTN grades 4 and 5) and common malocclusions are contact point displacements, unerupted teeth and increased overjet.